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==Clinical features and host pathology==
''P. circumflexum'' infects sharp-shinned hawk (''[[Accipiter striatus]]''), wood ducks (''[[Aix sponsa]]''), canvasbacks (''[[Aythya valisineria]]''), slate colour junicao (''[[Junico hymenalis hymenalis|Junico hymenalis]]''), song sparrow (''[[Melospiza melodia melodia|Melospiza melodia]]''), common mergansers (''[[Mergus merganser]]''), trumpeter swans (''[[Olor buccinator]]''), white throated sparrow (''[[Tromotrichio albicolis]]''), robin (''[[Turdus migratorius migratorius|Turdus migratorius]]''), juniper thrush (''[[Turdus pilaris]]'') and wild guineafowl (''[[Numida meleagris]]'').
In wild guinea fowl the pathological features in acute cases include anaemia, jaundice and splenomegaly; in the subacute cases severe splenomegaly, right ventricular hypertrophy and multifocal interstitial myocarditis.<ref name="Huchzermeyer1991">Huchzermeyer F.W. and Van Der Vyver F.H. (1991) Isolation of ''Plasmodium circumflexum'' from wild guineafowl (''Numida meleagris'') and the experimental infection in domestic poultry. Avian Path.20(2) 213 - 223</ref>
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